ISO 14001
La norma ISO 14000 es un conjunto de documentos de gestión ambiental que, una vez implantados, afectará todos los aspectos de la gestión de una organización en sus responsabilidades ambientales y ayudará a las organizaciones a tratar sistemáticamente asuntos ambientales, con el fin de mejorar el comportamiento ambiental y las oportunidades de beneficio económico. Los estándares son voluntarios, no tienen obligación legal y no establecen un conjunto de metas cuantitativas en cuanto a niveles de emisiones o métodos específicos de medir esas emisiones. Por el contrario, ISO 14000 se centra en la organización proveyendo un conjunto de estándares basados en procedimiento y unas pautas desde las que una empresa puede construir y mantener un sistema de gestión ambiental.
En este sentido, cualquier actividad empresarial que desee ser sostenible en todas sus esferas de acción, tiene que ser consciente que debe asumir de cara al futuro una actitud preventiva, que le permita reconocer la necesidad de integrar la variable ambiental en sus mecanismos de decisión empresarial.
La norma se compone de 6 elementos, los cuales se relacionan a continuación con su respectivo número de identificación:
The standard is not an environmental management system as such and therefore does not dictate absolute environmental performance requirements , but serves instead as a framework to assist organizations in developing their own environmental management system ISO 14001 can be integrated with other management functions and assists companies in meeting their environmental and economic goals.
ISO 14001, as with other ISO 14000 standards, is voluntary, with its main aim to assist companies in continually improving their environmental performance, whilst complying with any applicable legislation. Organizations are responsible for setting their own targets and performance measures, with the standard serving to assist them in meeting objectives and goals and the subsequent monitoring and measurement of these. This means that two organizations that have completely different measures and standards of environmental performance, can both comply with ISO 14001 requirements.
The standard can be applied to a variety of levels in the business, from organizational level, right down to the product and service level. Rather than focusing on exact measures and goals of environmental performance, the standard highlights what an organization needs to do to meet these goals. Success of the system is very dependant on commitment from all levels of the organization, especially top management, who need to be actively involved in the development, implementation and maintenance of the environmental management system. In 2008 there were an estimated 188 000 companies from 155 countries, certified as ISO 14001 compliant.
ISO 14001 is known as a generic management system standard, meaning that it is applicable to any size and type of organisation, product or service, in any sector of activity and can accommodate diverse socio-cultural and geographic conditions. All standards are periodically reviewed by ISO and new ones issued .
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